NutritionEmerging evidenceVegan Diet
The online vegan war is a perfect nutrition trap: one side pretends plants automatically solve health, the other pretends excluding animal foods guarantees collapse. The evidence supports neither cartoon.
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Academy vegan adult positionAcademy vegetarian diets positionB12 plant-based review
Weight loss requires an energy deficit, but calories alone do not explain appetite, metabolism, food environment, hormones, lean mass, sleep, medications, or long-term maintenance.
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Biggest Loser metabolic adaptationDIETFITSEndocrine Society obesity pathogenesis
Ultra-processed food debates are usually too crude. The useful question is which mechanisms drive harm: energy density, eating rate, texture, fiber, protein dilution, palatability, additives, food matrix, or processing itself. Protein can be protective, but protein-branded products can still be ultra-processed.
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BMJ UPF umbrella reviewFAO NOVA classificationHall UPF inpatient trial