Endocrine Society obesity pathogenesis / Tier 4
Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Review from 2017 in Endocrine Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Studies
Study breakdowns without the academic fog.
Plain-language summaries of research findings, limitations, and what they may mean for consumer health.
Hall UPF inpatient trial / Tier 1
Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain
Randomized trial from 2019 in Cell Metabolism, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Hall low-fat vs keto inpatient trial / Tier 1
Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake
Randomized trial from 2021 in Nature Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Biggest Loser metabolic adaptation / Tier 3
Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after The Biggest Loser competition
Observational study from 2016 in Obesity, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Spiegel sleep curtailment / Tier 2
Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite
Clinical trial from 2004 in Annals of Internal Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sleep restriction and fat loss / Tier 2
Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity
Clinical trial from 2010 in Annals of Internal Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Levine NEAT overfeeding / Tier 2
Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans
Clinical trial from 1999 in Science, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->POUNDS LOST / Tier 1
Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates
Randomized trial from 2009 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->DIETFITS / Tier 1
Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-month weight loss in overweight adults
Randomized trial from 2018 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->ATA thyroid and weight / Tier 3
Thyroid and Weight
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Thyroid Association, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->STEP 1 / Tier 1
Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
Randomized trial from 2021 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->STEP 4 / Tier 2
Effect of continued weekly semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance
Withdrawal trial from 2021 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->STEP 5 / Tier 2
Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
Extension trial from 2022 in Nature Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SELECT / Tier 1
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes
Cardiovascular outcomes trial from 2023 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FLOW / Tier 2
Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Clinical trial from 2024 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->STEP-HFpEF / Tier 2
Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity
Clinical trial from 2023 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SURMOUNT-1 / Tier 1
Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity
Randomized trial from 2022 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SURMOUNT-3 / Tier 2
Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity
Clinical trial from 2023 in Nature Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SURMOUNT-4 / Tier 2
Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity
Withdrawal trial from 2024 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SURMOUNT-OSA / Tier 2
Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity
Clinical trial from 2024 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->ESSENCE / Tier 2
Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Clinical trial from 2025 in PubMed, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SURMOUNT-MMO / Tier 4
SURMOUNT-MMO: tirzepatide and morbidity/mortality in obesity
Trial registry from Ongoing in ClinicalTrials.gov / Lilly Trial Registry, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Semaglutide AUD Phase 2 / Tier 1
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder
Randomized trial from 2025 in JAMA Psychiatry, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Semaglutide AUD + Obesity / Tier 1
Once-weekly semaglutide versus placebo in patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity
Randomized trial from 2026 in The Lancet, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Exenatide AUD / Tier 1
Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Randomized trial from 2022 in Journal of Clinical Investigation, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Semaglutide AUD EHR / Tier 3
Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population
Observational study from 2024 in Nature Communications, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Semaglutide CUD EHR / Tier 3
Association of semaglutide with reduced incidence and relapse of cannabis use disorder in real-world populations
Observational study from 2024 in Molecular Psychiatry, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Semaglutide OUD Overdose / Tier 3
Semaglutide and opioid overdose risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and opioid use disorder
Observational study from 2024 in JAMA Network Open, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->BMJ Veterans SUD Cohort / Tier 3
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of substance use disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes
Observational study from 2026 in BMJ, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->GLP-1 Addiction Neurobiology Review / Tier 4
GLP-1 analogues in the neurobiology of addiction
Review from 2025 in Review article, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Carnivore Scoping Review / Tier 4
Carnivore Diet: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence, Potential Benefits and Risks
Review from 2026 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Zero-Carb Beliefs Survey / Tier 3
Beliefs and Experiences of Individuals Following a Zero-Carb Diet
Observational study from 2021 in Behavioral Sciences, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->German Carnivore Exploratory Study / Tier 3
Subjective Experiences and Blood Parameter Changes in Individuals From Germany Following a Self-Conceived Carnivore Diet
Observational study from 2025 in Cureus, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Carnivore-Ketogenic IBD Case Series / Tier 3
Carnivore-ketogenic diet for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a case series of 10 patients
Observational study from 2024 in Frontiers in Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Carnivore Nutrient Model / Tier 5
Assessing the Nutrient Composition of a Carnivore Diet: A Case Study Model
Other from 2024 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Carnivore Microbiome Case / Tier 3
The gut microbiome without any plant food? A case study on the gut microbiome of a healthy carnivore
Observational study from 2024 in Microbiota and Host, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Animal Keto vs Plant Low-Fat Feeding Trial / Tier 1
Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake
Randomized trial from 2021 in Nature Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Animal vs Plant Microbiome Trial / Tier 2
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
Clinical trial from 2014 in Nature, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Low-Carb CVD Mortality Meta-Analysis / Tier 1
Low-carbohydrate diet and risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
Meta-analysis from 2023 in Food & Function, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Dietary Guidelines 2025–2030 / Tier 3
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025–2030
Clinical guidance from 2026 in U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / U.S. Department of Agriculture, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA Daily Values / Tier 3
Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels
Clinical guidance from 2024 in U.S. Food and Drug Administration, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->KDIGO CKD Guideline / Tier 3
KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Clinical guidance from 2024 in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sleep Duration Mortality Meta-Analysis / Tier 1
Nighttime sleep duration, 24-hour sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Meta-analysis from 2016 in Scientific Reports, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sleep Regularity Mortality / Tier 3
Sleep regularity is a stronger predictor of mortality risk than sleep duration: A prospective cohort study
Observational study from 2024 in Sleep, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->SRI Cardiometabolic Risk / Tier 3
Validation of the Sleep Regularity Index in Older Adults and Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk
Observational study from 2018 in Scientific Reports, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sleep and Inflammation Review / Tier 4
Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health
Review from 2019 in Nature Reviews Immunology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->All of Us Wearable Sleep / Tier 3
Sleep patterns and risk of chronic disease as measured by long-term monitoring with commercial wearable devices in the All of Us Research Program
Observational study from 2024 in Nature Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC Sleep Guidance / Tier 3
About Sleep
Clinical guidance from 2024 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AHA Dietary Fats Advisory / Tier 3
Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Clinical guidance from 2017 in Circulation, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AHA Omega-6 Advisory / Tier 3
Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Clinical guidance from 2009 in Circulation, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Cochrane Omega-6 CVD Review / Tier 1
Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Systematic review from 2018 in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Linoleic Acid Inflammation Review / Tier 1
Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Systematic review from 2012 in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Linoleic Acid and Type 2 Diabetes Biomarkers / Tier 3
Omega-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of individual-level data
Observational study from 2017 in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA Sunscreen Proposed Order / Tier 4
Questions and Answers: FDA posts deemed final order and proposed order for over-the-counter sunscreen
Government safety page from 2021 in U.S. Food and Drug Administration, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->JAMA Sunscreen Absorption Pilot / Tier 2
Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients
Clinical trial from 2019 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->JAMA Sunscreen Absorption Follow-up / Tier 2
Effect of sunscreen application under maximal use conditions on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients
Clinical trial from 2020 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Nambour Sunscreen SCC Follow-up / Tier 2
Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomized trial follow-up
Clinical trial from 2006 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen and Nevi / Tier 2
Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children
Clinical trial from 2000 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sunscreen and Vitamin D Review / Tier 4
The effect of sunscreen on vitamin D: a review
Review from 2019 in British Journal of Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Alkaline diet and cancer review / Tier 1
Alkaline water, dietary acid load, and cancer: systematic review of the literature
Systematic review from 2016 in BMJ Open, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Alkaline diet health review / Tier 4
The Alkaline Diet: Is There Evidence That an Alkaline pH Diet Benefits Health?
Review from 2011 in Journal of Environmental and Public Health, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Alkaline water pepsin reflux / Tier 2
Potential benefits of pH 8.8 alkaline drinking water as an adjunct in the treatment of reflux disease
Clinical trial from 2012 in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Bicarbonate water heartburn trial / Tier 1
Efficacy and safety of hydrogen carbonate-rich mineral water for heartburn
Randomized trial from 2023 in BMJ Open Gastroenterology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Mineral water acid-base trial / Tier 2
Effects of mineral waters on acid-base status in healthy adults
Clinical trial from 2019 in Food & Nutrition Research, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Alkaline water stone analysis / Tier 3
Alkaline Water: Helpful for Uric Acid and Cystine Urolithiasis?
Observational study from 2024 in Journal of Urology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->EPIC-Norfolk urine pH / Tier 3
Urine pH is an indicator of dietary acid-base load, fruit and vegetables and meat intakes
Observational study from 2008 in British Journal of Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Dietary acid load bone review / Tier 1
Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis applying Hill's criteria
Systematic review from 2011 in Nutrition Journal, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Alkaline water hydration study / Tier 2
Alkaline water improves exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and enhances anaerobic exercise performance in combat sport athletes
Clinical trial from 2017 in Biology of Sport, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Dietary acid load review / Tier 4
Dietary acid load in health and disease
Review from 2024 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Academy vegan adult position / Tier 3
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Dietary Patterns for Adults
Clinical guidance from 2025 in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Academy vegetarian diets position / Tier 3
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
Clinical guidance from 2016 in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Stanford twin vegan trial / Tier 1
Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins
Randomized trial from 2023 in JAMA Network Open, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vegetarian vegan lipids meta-analysis / Tier 1
Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Meta-analysis from 2023 in European Heart Journal, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Plant-based chronic disease review / Tier 4
Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Chronic Disease Risks
Review from 2023 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Plant-based nutrient status review / Tier 1
Nutrient Intake and Status in Adults Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters
Systematic review from 2021 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vegan nutrient adequacy review / Tier 1
Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet: a systematic review of the evidence
Systematic review from 2021 in Clinical Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->B12 plant-based review / Tier 4
The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets
Review from 2022 in European Journal of Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->EPIC-Oxford fracture risk / Tier 3
Vegetarian and vegan diets and risks of total and site-specific fractures
Observational study from 2020 in BMC Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vegetarian hip fracture risk / Tier 3
Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians
Observational study from 2023 in BMC Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vegetarian vegan outcomes meta-analysis / Tier 1
Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies
Meta-analysis from 2017 in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Plant-based diabetes review / Tier 4
Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Review from 2025 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Ultra-processed plant-food review / Tier 4
Ultra-Processed Plant-Based Foods and Health Outcomes
Review from 2025 in Nutrients, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Perineum sunning trend analysis / Tier 3
Perineum sunning: public interest in a non-evidence-based wellness practice
Observational study from 2021 in JMIR Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC skin cancer prevention / Tier 4
How to prevent skin cancer
Government safety page from 2025 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA tanning risks / Tier 4
Risks of tanning
Government safety page from 2026 in U.S. Food and Drug Administration, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AAD vitamin D statement / Tier 3
Vitamin D and UV exposure
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Academy of Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->IARC solar UV monograph / Tier 4
Solar and ultraviolet radiation carcinogenicity evaluation
Government safety page from 2012 in International Agency for Research on Cancer, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sunscreen vitamin D review / Tier 4
Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status
Review from 2019 in British Journal of Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Sunscreen sun exposure vitamin D study / Tier 2
Optimal sunscreen use, during a sun holiday with a very high ultraviolet index, allows vitamin D synthesis without sunburn
Clinical trial from 2019 in British Journal of Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->UV tanning benefits risks review / Tier 4
Benefits and risks of ultraviolet tanning and its alternatives: the role of prudent sun exposure
Review from 2009 in Dermato-Endocrinology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Tanning beds melanoma review / Tier 4
Indoor tanning and melanoma: evidence and risk
Review from 2016 in Current Oncology Reports, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vitamin D UV dermatology perspective / Tier 4
A dermatologist's perspective on vitamin D
Review from 2012 in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: About Community Water Fluoridatio / Tier 3
CDC: About Community Water Fluoridation
Government safety page from 2024 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->U.S. Public Health Service recommendat / Tier 3
U.S. Public Health Service recommendation for fluoride concentration in drinking water
Government safety page from 2015 in Public Health Reports, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Water fluoridation for the prevention / Tier 2
Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries
Systematic review from 2015 in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->NTP monograph on fluoride exposure, ne / Tier 2
NTP monograph on fluoride exposure, neurodevelopment, and cognition
Systematic review from 2024 in National Toxicology Program, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Fluoride exposure and children's IQ sc / Tier 1
Fluoride exposure and children's IQ scores: systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review from 2025 in JAMA Pediatrics, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Community water fluoridation and intel / Tier 2
Community water fluoridation and intelligence: prospective study in New Zealand
Observational study from 2015 in American Journal of Public Health, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Effectiveness of fluoride in preventin / Tier 2
Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults
Systematic review from 2007 in Journal of Dental Research, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Costs and savings associated with comm / Tier 3
Costs and savings associated with community water fluoridation in the United States
Observational study from 2016 in Health Affairs, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Ten great public health achievements: / Tier 3
Ten great public health achievements: fluoridation of drinking water
Government safety page from 1999 in MMWR, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->WHO: Fluoride in Drinking-water / Tier 3
WHO: Fluoride in Drinking-water
Systematic review from 2006 in World Health Organization, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->ADA: Fluoride and community water fluo / Tier 3
ADA: Fluoride and community water fluoridation
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Dental Association, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Prenatal fluoride exposure and cogniti / Tier 2
Prenatal fluoride exposure and cognitive outcomes in children
Observational study from 2017 in Environmental Health Perspectives, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Mold / Tier 3
CDC: Mold
Government safety page from 2024 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->EPA: A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture a / Tier 3
EPA: A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture and Your Home
Government safety page from 2026 in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Stachybotrys chartarum facts / Tier 3
CDC: Stachybotrys chartarum facts
Government safety page from 2024 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Damp Indoor Spaces and Health / Tier 2
Damp Indoor Spaces and Health
Systematic review from 2004 in National Academies Press, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: / Tier 2
WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould
Systematic review from 2009 in World Health Organization, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Respiratory and allergic health effect / Tier 2
Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents
Systematic review from 2011 in Environmental Health Perspectives, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Remediating buildings damaged by dampn / Tier 1
Remediating buildings damaged by dampness and mould for respiratory symptoms
Systematic review from 2015 in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AAAAI: Mold Allergy / Tier 3
AAAAI: Mold Allergy
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Home testing for mold is not reco / Tier 3
CDC: Home testing for mold is not recommended
Government safety page from 2024 in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and C / Tier 3
EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings
Government safety page from 2026 in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->American Cancer Society: Does mold cau / Tier 3
American Cancer Society: Does mold cause cancer?
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Cancer Society, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC MMWR: Mold prevention strategies a / Tier 3
CDC MMWR: Mold prevention strategies and possible health effects after hurricanes and floods
Government safety page from 2006 in MMWR, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->PLOS One mouth taping systematic revie / Tier 1
PLOS One mouth taping systematic review context
Systematic review from 2025 in PLOS One / Health.com summary, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->The impact of mouth-taping in mouth-br / Tier 3
The impact of mouth-taping in mouth-breathers with mild obstructive sleep apnea
Clinical trial from 2022 in Healthcare, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Novel porous oral patches for mild obs / Tier 3
Novel porous oral patches for mild obstructive sleep apnea and mouth breathing
Clinical trial from 2015 in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Nasal breathing, nitric oxide, and air / Tier 2
Nasal breathing, nitric oxide, and airway physiology context
Other from 2006 in Respiratory physiology literature, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AASM Sleep Education: Obstructive Slee / Tier 3
AASM Sleep Education: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Academy of Sleep Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Clinical practice guideline for diagno / Tier 2
Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea
Clinical guidance from 2017 in Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->MedlinePlus: Sleep apnea / Tier 3
MedlinePlus: Sleep apnea
Clinical guidance from 2026 in National Library of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->ADA: Dry Mouth / Tier 3
ADA: Dry Mouth
Clinical guidance from 2026 in American Dental Association, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Health: Is it safe to sleep with mouth / Tier 5
Health: Is it safe to sleep with mouth tape?
Other from 2025 in Health, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Verywell Health: Study says mouth tapi / Tier 5
Verywell Health: Study says mouth taping is ineffective and risky for some people
Other from 2025 in Verywell Health, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->NY Post: Mouth taping touted by some f / Tier 5
NY Post: Mouth taping touted by some for better sleep as experts cite safety concerns
Other from 2025 in New York Post, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: About Parasites / Tier 3
CDC: About Parasites
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Parasites Diagnosis / Tier 3
CDC: Parasites Diagnosis
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC DPDx: Stool Specimens / Tier 3
CDC DPDx: Stool Specimens
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestina / Tier 2
Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases: Old and New Approaches / Tier 2
Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases: Old and New Approaches
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Parasitic cleanses are the latest health trend to infest s / Tier 5
Parasitic cleanses are the latest health trend to infest social media
Other, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Do Parasite Cleanses Work Safely? What the Science Says / Tier 5
Do Parasite Cleanses Work Safely? What the Science Says
Other, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->LiverTox: Herbal and Dietary Supplements / Tier 3
LiverTox: Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA: Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements / Tier 3
FDA: Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->MedlinePlus: Ova and Parasite Test / Tier 3
MedlinePlus: Ova and Parasite Test
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Giardia Clinical Care / Tier 3
CDC: Giardia Clinical Care
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Pinworm Infection Clinical Overview / Tier 3
CDC: Pinworm Infection Clinical Overview
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->CDC: Raw Milk / Tier 3
CDC: Raw Milk
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA: Raw Milk Misconceptions and Danger / Tier 3
FDA: Raw Milk Misconceptions and Danger
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA: The Dangers of Raw Milk / Tier 3
FDA: The Dangers of Raw Milk
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurized milk, / Tier 2
Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurized milk, 1998-2018
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Increased Outbreaks Associated with Nonpasteurized Milk, 2 / Tier 2
Increased Outbreaks Associated with Nonpasteurized Milk, 2007-2012
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Unpasteurized Milk: A Continued Public Health Threat / Tier 2
Unpasteurized Milk: A Continued Public Health Threat
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Raw or heated cow milk consumption: review of risks and be / Tier 2
Raw or heated cow milk consumption: review of risks and benefits
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Raw Cow Milk and Its Protective Effect on Allergies and As / Tier 2
Raw Cow Milk and Its Protective Effect on Allergies and Asthma
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA: HPAI in Dairy Cows and Milk Safety Updates / Tier 3
FDA: HPAI in Dairy Cows and Milk Safety Updates
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Dairy Cattle and Milk / Tier 2
Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Dairy Cattle and Milk
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Quantitative risk assessment for raw milk consumption / Tier 2
Quantitative risk assessment for raw milk consumption
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->E. coli O157:H7 infections in children associated with raw / Tier 3
E. coli O157:H7 infections in children associated with raw milk
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Endocrine Society: Adrenal Fatigue / Tier 3
Endocrine Society: Adrenal Fatigue
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review / Tier 1
Adrenal fatigue does not exist: a systematic review
Systematic review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Mayo Clinic: Adrenal fatigue, what causes it? / Tier 3
Mayo Clinic: Adrenal fatigue, what causes it?
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Adrenal support supplements contain thyroid and steroid ho / Tier 2
Adrenal support supplements contain thyroid and steroid hormones
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->NCCIH: Ashwagandha Usefulness and Safety / Tier 3
NCCIH: Ashwagandha Usefulness and Safety
Government safety page, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->LiverTox: Ashwagandha / Tier 3
LiverTox: Ashwagandha
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Ashwagandha stress and anxiety systematic review and meta- / Tier 1
Ashwagandha stress and anxiety systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta-analysis, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Diurnal cortisol slopes and health outcomes meta-analysis / Tier 1
Diurnal cortisol slopes and health outcomes meta-analysis
Meta-analysis, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Stress-induced cortisol and fat distribution in women / Tier 3
Stress-induced cortisol and fat distribution in women
Observational study, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Cushing syndrome review / Tier 2
Cushing syndrome review
Review, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Endocrine Society: Cushing Syndrome / Tier 3
Endocrine Society: Cushing Syndrome
Clinical guidance, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->What happens when you drink a cortisol cocktail / Tier 5
What happens when you drink a cortisol cocktail
Other, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->TikTok scared me about my cortisol levels / Tier 5
TikTok scared me about my cortisol levels
Other, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Gowin cannabis fMRI / Tier 3
Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use
Observational study from 2025 in JAMA Network Open, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Guha cannabis aging brain / Tier 3
Lifetime Cannabis Use Is Associated with Brain Volume and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Observational study from 2025 in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Dunedin long-term cannabis / Tier 3
Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife
Observational study from 2022 in American Journal of Psychiatry, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Amen marijuana SPECT perfusion / Tier 4
Discriminative Properties of Hippocampal Hypoperfusion in Marijuana Users Compared to Healthy Controls: Implications for Marijuana Administration in Alzheimer's Disease
Observational study from 2016 in Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->AHA marijuana brain health / Tier 2
Use of Marijuana: Effect on Brain Health
Clinical guidance from 2022 in Stroke, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->NIDA cannabis brain context / Tier 2
What are marijuana's long-term effects on the brain?
Government safety page from 2024 in National Institute on Drug Abuse, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FDA compounded ketamine warning / Tier 1
FDA warns patients and health care providers about potential risks associated with compounded ketamine products
Government safety page from 2023 in U.S. Food and Drug Administration, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->ISSN creatine position stand / Tier 2
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
Creatine monohydrate has one of the strongest supplement evidence bases for high-intensity exercise and training adaptation.
Review study->Creatine misconceptions review / Tier 2
Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?
Many common creatine fears are overstated in healthy adults when evidence is separated from anecdotes.
Review study->Sleep-deprivation creatine trial / Tier 3
Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation
The result supports a conditional brain-energy signal under stress, not a universal daily nootropic claim.
Review study->Creatine health and disease review / Tier 3
Creatine in health and disease
Creatine has plausible mechanisms beyond muscle because phosphocreatine helps buffer cellular energy demand.
Review study->Creatine cognition review / Tier 2
Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Cognitive effects appear possible but uneven across domains and populations.
Review study->Creatine memory meta-analysis / Tier 2
Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
A memory-specific signal is more defensible than a broad claim that creatine upgrades all cognition.
Review study->FDA OTC CGM clearance / Tier 1
FDA clears first over-the-counter continuous glucose monitor
FDA cleared the first OTC CGM and explicitly described intended users and limits.
Review study->FDA noninvasive glucose warning / Tier 1
Do not use smartwatches or smart rings to measure blood glucose levels: FDA safety communication
FDA states it has not authorized, cleared, or approved smartwatches or smart rings that estimate blood glucose on their own.
Review study->CGM glucotypes / Tier 3
Glucotypes reveal new patterns of glucose dysregulation
CGM can reveal heterogeneity that single-point or average measures may miss.
Review study->Personalized nutrition CGM / Tier 2
Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses
Postprandial glucose responses can vary sharply between individuals eating the same foods.
Review study->CGM behavior-change meta-analysis / Tier 1
The efficacy of using continuous glucose monitoring as a behaviour change tool in populations with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
CGM feedback can support behavior change in some contexts.
Review study->ADA diabetes technology standards / Tier 1
Diabetes technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
Clinical CGM evidence and use cases are strongest inside diabetes care.
Review study->FDA allulose guidance / Tier 1
Guidance for industry: the declaration of allulose and calories from allulose on Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels
Allulose has a distinct regulatory and labeling profile compared with ordinary sugar.
Review study->WHO NSS guideline / Tier 1
Use of non-sugar sweeteners: WHO guideline
WHO cautions against treating non-sugar sweeteners as a long-term weight-control strategy for the general population.
Review study->Aspartame hazard/risk assessment / Tier 1
Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released
Aspartame needs hazard-versus-risk framing.
Review study->FDA aspartame and sweeteners / Tier 1
Aspartame and other sweeteners in food
FDA provides regulatory context for approved sweeteners and aspartame safety interpretation.
Review study->Erythritol cardiovascular signal / Tier 3
The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk
Erythritol deserves separate discussion from allulose, aspartame, stevia, and monk fruit.
Review study->EFSA aspartame opinion / Tier 1
Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of aspartame as a food additive
Regulatory risk assessment is essential for aspartame context.
Review study->Sweeteners and microbiome / Tier 4
Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
Microbiome effects are plausible and worth tracking.
Review study->Low-energy sweeteners meta-analysis / Tier 2
Effects of low-energy sweeteners on energy intake and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sustained intervention studies
Replacing sugar calories with low-energy sweeteners can help some weight-control contexts.
Review study->Finnish sauna mortality cohort / Tier 3
Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events
Frequent sauna bathing was associated with lower fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this cohort.
Review study->Sauna cardiovascular review / Tier 3
Cardiovascular and other health benefits of sauna bathing: a review of the evidence
Sauna has plausible cardiovascular and vascular evidence, but much of the strongest outcome signal remains observational.
Review study->CWI soreness Cochrane review / Tier 2
Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise
Cold-water immersion may reduce perceived soreness after exercise.
Review study->CWI resistance-training adaptation / Tier 2
Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training
Cold-water immersion immediately after lifting may blunt some training adaptations.
Review study->Contrast water therapy meta-analysis / Tier 2
Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Contrast water therapy may help perceived recovery compared with passive rest in some contexts.
Review study->Heat-stress safety boundary / Tier 1
Heat stress and workers
Heat exposure is not automatically benign; hydration, acclimation, environment, and individual risk matter.
Review study->FDA cryotherapy risk boundary / Tier 1
Whole body cryotherapy: a cool trend that lacks evidence, poses risks
FDA has warned that whole-body cryotherapy claims can outrun evidence and pose risks.
Review study->PBM mechanism review / Tier 3
The nuts and bolts of low-level laser/light therapy
Review from 2012 in Annals of Biomedical Engineering, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->PBM dose-response review / Tier 3
Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy
Review from 2011 in Dose-Response, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->LLLT neck pain meta-analysis / Tier 2
Low-level laser therapy for neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta-analysis from 2009 in The Lancet, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->PBM oral mucositis guideline / Tier 2
MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for photobiomodulation in oral mucositis
Clinical guidance from 2019 in Supportive Care in Cancer, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->LED dermatology RCT review / Tier 3
Light-emitting diodes in dermatology: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Review from 2018 in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->LLLT hair-loss review / Tier 3
Low-level laser therapy for the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a review
Review from 2018 in Lasers in Medical Science, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Microplastics in atheromas / Tier 3
Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events
Observational study from 2024 in New England Journal of Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Microplastics in blood / Tier 3
Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood
Observational study from 2022 in Environment International, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Microplastics in placenta / Tier 3
Plasticenta: first evidence of microplastics in human placenta
Observational study from 2021 in Environment International, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Microplastics as obesogens review / Tier 3
Human exposure to microplastics and insights into microplastics as obesogens
Review from 2021 in Frontiers in Endocrinology, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Endocrine Society EDC statement / Tier 2
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Endocrine Society scientific statement
Review from 2015 in Endocrine Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->BPA metabolic association / Tier 3
Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults
Observational study from 2008 in JAMA, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Plastics and human health commission / Tier 3
The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on plastics and human health
Review from 2023 in Annals of Global Health, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Hall UPF inpatient trial / Tier 1
Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain
Randomized trial from 2019 in Cell Metabolism, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->BMJ UPF umbrella review / Tier 2
Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review
Review from 2024 in BMJ, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->FAO NOVA classification / Tier 3
Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system
Clinical guidance from 2019 in Food and Agriculture Organization, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Protein leverage hypothesis / Tier 3
Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis
Review from 2005 in Obesity Reviews, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Nutritional ecology review / Tier 3
Nutritional ecology and human health
Review from 2016 in Annual Review of Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->High-protein satiety trial / Tier 2
A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite and ad libitum caloric intake
Clinical trial from 2005 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->PROT-AGE older adult protein guidance / Tier 2
PROT-AGE Study Group recommendations on dietary protein intake for older adults
Clinical guidance from 2013 in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Protein plus resistance training meta-analysis / Tier 2
Protein supplementation and resistance training meta-analysis
Meta-analysis from 2018 in British Journal of Sports Medicine, translated into key findings, limitations, and consumer relevance.
Review study->Vital Signals
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